The test measures levels of a substance called proneurotensin and may also spot an increased risk of early death, according to scientist reporting in the journal of the American Medical Association.
In women -- but not men, there were very strong relationships between high concentrations of this substance in the blood and the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. High levels of this substance were also associated with earlier death.
Scientists say once identified, these women may benefit from prevention programs.
