Alexandra Black, of New Palestine, Indiana, was a college intern and had been employed at the Conservator Center in Caswell County for about two weeks.
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A "husbandry team" led by an animal keeper was carrying out a routine cleaning when one of the lions, whose name was Matthai, left a locked space and quickly attacked Black, officials said.
It was not immediately clear how the lion left the locked space.
22-year-old woman attacked, killed when lion escapes Caswell County enclosure
The lion was shot and killed to allow Caswell County personnel to retrieve Black, officials said.
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The Conservators Center was closed Sunday as the investigation continues.
"The Conservators Center is devastated by the loss of a human life today," the center said in a statement
The family released a statement late Sunday that said: Alex loved animals. Our beautiful, intelligent, passionate Alex had worked, unpaid, at several animal-related ventures, most recently at Wolf Park in Battleground, Indiana. This was her fourth internship, because she really wanted to make a career of working with animals. She was looking forward to this first out-of-state internship at the Conservators Center in North Carolina that started 10 days ago. She was a beautiful young woman who had just started her career, there was a terrible accident, and we are mourning. But she died following her passion. We ask that you consider donating to Wolf Park in Battleground, Indiana, to honor Alex."
On the center's website, Matthai was described as shy but "an enthusiastic recipient of attention from the people he knows best."
The facility was founded in 1999 and is in Burlington, about 50 miles northwest of Raleigh.
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On its website, the center said it began giving public tours in 2007 and gets more than 16,000 visitors annually. It has more than a dozen employees and currently houses more than 80 animals and more than 21 species.
The center says it took in 14 lions and tigers in 2004 to assist the U.S. Department of Agriculture with caring for animals that were living in "unacceptable conditions."
The Associated Press and ABC News contributed to this report.