Chicago police said the girl was in a car with family members in the 2300-block of West 72nd Street shortly before 8 p.m. when someone began firing shots down the street.
The girl was struck in the back of her head. Her family immediately drove her to Comer Children's Hospital where she is listed in critical condition, according to Chicago police.
No further injuries were reported. No one is currently in custody. An investigation by Area 1 detectives is ongoing.
Chicago police have not released any further details about this incident.