Police said the shooting happened in the Washington Heights neighborhood's 1100 block West 90th Street just before 5:30 p.m.
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The boy was inside a home during a gathering when he heard a loud noise and noticed he had been shot in his thigh, police said.
Police said a family member then tried to rush the child to the hospital in a car, but was met by an ambulance at West 87th and South Aberdeen streets.
The boy was taken to Comer Children's Hospital, where he is in stable condition as police work to figure out what happened.
Crime scene tape draped around the house where the shooting happened on Sunday night. Wanda B. Green lives down the street from that home, and is a Block Club president in the neighborhood.
"It's just really sad to hear that. I've been on the block 24 years. I'm an activist, so it's just hard. I'm just praying for the baby," Green said.
Andrew Holmes, a community activist and an advocate for safe gun locks, spoke outside of the hospital where the boy has been recovering.
"I'm totally upset if no one tells the detectives where's that gun at. Who brought that gun inside while this child is in pain? All you have to do is lock it down and put it up. But, if they got conceal-to-carry, you bring that gun in, whether they have it or not, your child is going to be the next one to be carried out," Holmes said.
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There is no one in custody and area detectives are investigating.
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This story previously said the victim was 11 years old based on information from Chicago police.