Officers responded to the scene on I-294 at Lake Cook Road at about 2:23 a.m. and found the driver of the truck on the road, police said.
"At this time it seems that the person on the road was the driver from the semi," Northbrook Fire Chief Steve Morris
The man was transported to Glenbrook Hospital in serious condition and later pronounced dead, police said.
No other vehicles were involved and no other injuries were reported.
The cab of the truck caught fire and firefighters were seen cutting open the top of one of the trailers.
Fiery crash leaves FedEx truck heavily damaged on I-294
The Lake Cook Road exit ramp has been closed as police investigate.