Doctors have long known that flu can trigger heart problems. It's one of the reasons flu shots are recommended for nearly everyone.
[Ads /]
A new Canadian study found that risk was six times higher in the first week after flu is diagnosed, compared to the year before and after the bug hits. Unlike previous studies, the researchers used lab tests to make sure people suspected of having the flu really did.
"It's a much more rigorous study that allows us to make a much more specific link between flu infection and heart issues," said Richard Webby, a prominent flu researcher at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis. He was not involved in the research.
"It's not really going to change what we do. We might be a little bit more vigilant as far as looking for signs or symptoms of a heart attack in someone who's had the flu because they might be more at risk," said Dr. Kathy Tynus, Northwestern Medical Group.
Results were published Wednesday in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The researchers reviewed more than five years of hospital and lab records in Ontario. They found 332 mostly elderly people who had a positive flu test and had suffered a heart attack within a year. There was one strong pattern: 20 had a heart attack within a week of getting the flu. Six died.
[Ads /]
"The increased risk was only in that first week," said lead author Dr. Jeffrey Kwong of the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Toronto.
Dr. Emily Landon, an infectious disease specialist with University of Chicago Medicine, said the study's conclusions shouldn't be confused with heart disease or myocarditis.
"Myocarditis, which is actual infection of the heart muscle, is something different. And that is very rare in influenza, but it does happen," Landon said.
How does flu - a respiratory ailment with a fever, cough and aches - trigger a heart attack?
Flu can cause swelling or inflammation in the coronary arteries, which can shake loose plaque and cause blockages, cutting off blood flow.
[Ads /]
"That's the main culprit," said Dr. Mohammad Madjid, a cardiologist and flu researcher at Houston's University of Texas Health Science Center.
Adding to that is the strain that flu and other viral infections place on already-weakened hearts. Lung infections make it harder for people to breathe, so the heart has to pump harder to get oxygenated blood out to every part of the body.
Flu wasn't the only viral infection that fell into the same week pattern, the study found. The researchers found the risk of heart attack was about 3 times higher with respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, and nearly 3 times higher for a grab bag collection of germs that include the common cold.
WLS-TV contributed to this report.