Abortions have been allowed to continue in the state since a county judge blocked the law from being enforced last September.
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Indiana became the first state to enact tighter abortion restrictions after the U.S. Supreme court overturned Roe vs. Wade in June.
On Thursday, the Indiana Supreme Court will hear arguments regarding the constitutionality of the state's near-total abortion ban.
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Last summer, the state legislature passed new laws banning nearly all abortion procedures in Indiana.
It would only allow abortions in the cases of rape and incest, before 10 weeks post-fertilization; to protect the life and physical health of the mother; and if a fetus is diagnosed with a lethal anomaly.
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Planned Parenthood and the American Civil Liberties Union both sued, arguing the law violated the right to privacy.
The case eventually made its way to Indiana's Supreme Court.
The court faces no deadline for releasing a decision, and typically takes several weeks or longer before doing so in cases it hears.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.