The incident occurred at about 11:15 p.m. near Lake Arlington in the area of Windsor Drive and Jonquil Circle.
An 18-year-old woman said she was walking home when a male bicyclist approached her and asked for her name, police said.
The suspect then pushed the woman to the ground and began choking her, police said.
The woman fought off the attacker and was able to flag down a motorist to call for help, police said.
The woman had non-life-threatening injuries, police said.
Anyone with information is asked to contact the Arlington Heights Police Department at 847-368-5300.