Police said officers responded to the Brighton Park neighborhood's 2400-block of West 48th Street around 1 a.m.
A 17-year-old boy was walking outside when a red sedan passed, and someone inside fired shots, police said.
The Chicago Fire Department treated the victim, who suffered multiple gunshot wounds to the body.
The teen was taken to Mt. Sinai Hospital in critical condition. Police later confirmed that he had died.
Area One detectives are investigating.
Authorities did not immediately provide further information about the shooting.
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