The closure impacts the westbound I-88 ramp to southbound Route 83.
Illinois State Police said while attempting to go underneath the bridge, a commercial vehicle hauling an excavator made contact with the overpass and caused damage to the structure just after 7 p.m.
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The ramp is expected to be closed for several days, as engineers assess the damage.
One northbound lane and shoulder on Illinois Route 83 are also closed, as is a portion of the left turn lane on northbound Illinois Route 83.
Motorists traveling to southbound Illinois Route 83 are encouraged to seek alternate routes, and traffic delays are expected.
Drivers can use 22nd Street/Cermak Road or Highland Avenue to exit from westbound I-88.