The incident happened around 2 p.m. August 30 at the Church of God, located at 1125 W. Army Trail Road in Addison, DuPage County officials said.
The suspect, 28-year-old Steven Segura of Chicago, allegedly "placed a recording device in a public bathroom... positioned in way that would have captured individuals while they were in the state of undress," a new release from the DuPage County State's Attorney read in part.
A victim identified themselves to authorities as a person who was captured on video by the illegal recording device, Addison police said.
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Segura was arrested and charged with one felony count of Unauthorized Video Recording, officials said. He appeared in court Friday and was released from custody pending his trial.
The suspect's next court date is October 20.
No further information was immediately available.