The crash happened around 12:07 a.m. at Route 31 and West Washington Street in Oswego, police said.
Officer responded to the location for reports of a vehicle leaving the scene of a crash, going northbound on Route 31.
The teen victim of the crash was taken to Rush Copley Medical Center in Aurora and was later transferred to Loyola University Medical Center in Chicago, police said. Her exact condition was not known.
The Kendall County Sheriff's Office located a vehicle matching witness descriptions 20 minutes after the crash. Officer also located a woman who called to report she had hit a person on a bicycle with her vehicle.
Police said Jasmine Smith, 36, of Chicago was the driver of the car in the hit-and-run crash.
Smith was arrested for leave the scene of a crash and driving with a suspended license, Oswego police said.
The suspect is due in court October 6.
No further information about the crash was immediately available.