Ashley Fisler, 36, of Washington Township, New Jersey, was arrested on Thursday.
The Gloucester County prosecutor says Fisler had the alleged relationship with the student in 2021, while she was a teacher at Orchard Valley Middle School.
The victim, who is now an adult, reported the details to the police earlier this year.
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Officials say Fisler is no longer employed as a teacher in Washington Township or anywhere else.
Fisler has been charged with six counts of first-degree sexual assault of a minor, one count of second-degree endangering the welfare of a child and one count of second-degree official misconduct.