Oak Park police arrived at the scene at Roosevelt and Ridgeland just after 7 a.m.
Officers said they were called there for reports of gunfire and a car crash.
From a gas station, a witness saw a possible offender in the roadway, shooting into a white 2013 Jaguar XJ, police said.
The Jaguar traveled westbound on Roosevelt Road until it crashed, the witness told police. The witness then looked back, and the offender had fled the scene.
A man was removed from the overturned Jaguar, which appeared to have struck a nearby cement barricade and tree.
The man was taken in critical condition to Loyola University Medical Center, where he was later pronounced dead. He was later identified as 34-year-old Scott Robinson of Chicago.
Investigators said the shooting appears to be targeted.
Officers found at least 11 shell casings in the street.
So far, there is no word on any arrests. The West Suburban Major Crimes Task Force was called out to help investigate.
Anyone with information is asked to call the Oak Park Police Department at 708-358-3800. Information may be provided anonymously by calling 708-434-1636 or online at www.oak-park.us/crimetip.