Fire crews were called just before noon to a home on the 38300 block of North 6th Avenue in Spring Grove, Illinois.
Smoke from the fire could be seen rising as crews worked to put out the flames.
A woman was killed in the fire, Spring Grove fire officials said. Her age and identity was not yet known.
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The survivor was taken to a nearby hospital in critical condition, officials said.
An explosion was also reported the the scene. Investigators are working to determine what caused the fire.