Crews responded to a residential fire in the 8200-block of South Saginaw Avenue just after midnight, Chicago police said.
The Chicago Fire Department transported the elderly woman to Trinity Hospital, where she later died, police said.
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The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office identified her as Almaisa Herard. She died about 1:05 a.m., and lived in that same block.
No other injuries were reported.
Chicago fire officials will be in the area distributing smoke detectors and fire safety literature later Friday morning.
Sun-Times Media contributed to this report.